RSV vaccine in the UK: who gets it free on the NHS — older adults and pregnant women

RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) is a common virus causing coughs and colds. Most people catch it several times and recover on their own. But in babies and older adults it can lead to pneumonia and bronchiolitis, which can be serious. The NHS offers a free RSV vaccine to those most at risk.

Who gets it free?

Four groups qualify: pregnant women from 28 weeks (recommended in every pregnancy); people aged 75 and over; people aged 65 to 74 with a weakened immune system or a long-term lung condition (well-controlled asthma does not count); and people living in a care home for older adults.

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Why in pregnancy?

Pregnant women are usually offered it around their 28-week appointment. It is best given as early as possible from 28 weeks, but can be given up until labour. The protection passes to the baby and covers roughly their first 6 months of life, when they are most vulnerable.

How many doses for older adults?

People aged 75 and over, and eligible 65–74s, need just one dose, which the NHS says protects for several years. It is given as an injection in the upper arm, all year round. The NHS uses a vaccine called Abrysvo.

How to get it

Pregnant women are offered it at antenatal care around 28 weeks. Older adults are contacted by their GP surgery; care home residents should ask staff. Some pharmacies offer it free in parts of Essex and Suffolk, Lancashire and Merseyside, Leicestershire and the West Midlands, and London.

Why is RSV dangerous for babies and older adults?

In a healthy adult RSV usually looks like a common cold and clears in a few days. But babies have very narrow airways, and inflammation of the small airways (bronchiolitis) quickly makes breathing hard — it is a common reason infants are admitted to hospital in winter. In older adults and people with heart or lung conditions the virus can worsen long-term illness and tip into pneumonia. That is why the jab targets both ends of life: expectant mothers, to protect the newborn, and older people.

Any side effects?

Usually mild and short-lived: pain or swelling at the injection site, headache or aching. Very rarely, older adults have developed Guillain-Barré syndrome, a nerve condition. It is not given to anyone who had a serious allergic reaction to an ingredient, and is delayed if you have a high temperature. If you are at risk, it is worth acting, as the virus circulates through winter and the vaccine is free only to eligible groups.